ROAD PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING PKJI 2014 METHOD (CASE STUDY : TROSOBO-KLETEK ROAD, SIDOARJO DISTRICT)

The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is one of the roads that has a high level of vehicle density so that it appears that it has experienced traffic jams several times. This is also coupled with the presence of side barriers such as vehicles in and out. So that the Trosobo-Kletek Highway section often experiences traffic jams that occur not only at certain hours, because on this road section there are many factory areas. The important role of this road resulted in a decrease in the level of service. Based on this, it is necessary to monitor the quality of a road segment based on the level of service. In this study, the PKJI 2014 was used to calculate the road performance. As for some of the data needed such as traffic volume, road geometry, and vehicle speed. The analysis carried out is the calculation of Road capacity, peak hour volume, degree saturation, free flow speed, and level of service index. The results of the research conducted during the four days of the survey and the calculations that have been carried out is level of service in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto is E and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is F.


INTRODUCTION
Roads have a function as a liaison between an area and other areas to support accessibility and mobility and provide various benefits for life [1]. However, the reality on the ground is that a road that has been built and operated is no longer able to function properly due to problems such as congestion [2].
Congestion is a traffic problem that is very common in urban areas. The causes of congestion problems can come from various factors. In general, there are several causes of congestion, namely the impact of population growth, economic growth, increased number of vehicles, low road capacity, poor urban planning and supervision [3]. The increasing rate of population growth is very high, it will also increase mobility so that this will affect traffic conditions in the transportation sector [4]. Road capacity will form a critical condition that affects the mobility and maneuverability of vehicles in traffic. If the traffic flow is close to capacity, congestion will start to occur. Congestion increases when the current is so great that the vehicles are close to each other. At the time of congestion, the value of the degree of saturation calculated based on the equation = V/C (Volume/Capacity ) reached more than 0.75 [5]. In case of total congestion, the vehicle must stop or move slowly [6]. In addition, congestion occurs if the level of service of the road segment is more than 0.7 or includes service level D level [7]. The service level of this class has the characteristics of unstable traffic speed, drivers limiting speed, reduced opportunity to overtake, and traffic volume close to road capacity but still acceptable in the short term.
The greater the value of the ratio of volume and capacity means the more severe the traffic jam on the road. One of the roads that has a high level of traffic volume is the Trosobo-Kletek Highway.
The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is one of the roads that is prone to congestion [8]. The Trosobo-Kletek Highway has a 4/2 D type with a road length of ±8 km. Based on government administration and load, Jalan Raya Kletek is categorized as a National Road. According to Law no. 22 of 2009 concerning road traffic and transportation, national roads are included in the class I road category, namely arterial and collector roads that can be passed by vehicles with a maximum axle load of 10 tons of heaviest axle. The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is a provincial road that connects the city of Surabaya with various regencies and cities that do not use toll roads. Thus this road plays an important role in serving a fairly large traffic flow. The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is often seen passing through various types of small vehicles and large vehicles such as multi-axle trucks, trailer trucks, tanker trucks, dump trucks, flat deck trucks, and others [9]. However, many of these trucks exceed the standard capacity that has been determined, one of which is a truck that transports construction materials which can be said to exceed the standard capacity [10]. In this case, the most dominant and the most influential in congestion are trucks that have overloads This condition significantly increases the potential for serious problems with vehicles and causes road congestion.
The Trosobo-Kletek Highway is one of the roads that has a high level of vehicle density so that it appears that it has experienced traffic jams several times. This is also coupled with the presence of side barriers such as vehicles in and out. So that the Trosobo-Kletek Highway section often experiences traffic jams that occur not only at certain hours, because on this road section there are many factory areas. The important role of this road resulted in a decrease in the level of service. The performance of a road segment can be seen from the Level of Service (LOS) index of road traffic which can be assumed as the quality that road users will feel from road conditions and traffic conditions, and can be described as one of the perceptions of road users and traffic managers on traffic [11].
Based on this, it is necessary to monitor the quality of a road segment based on the level of service. The performance indicators are traffic flow (Q), capacity (C), degree of saturation (DS), free flow speed carried out with various performance indicators, namely free flow speed (FV), as well as analyzing the level of service level (Level of Service/LOS) on the road segment. In this study, the PKJI 2014 was used to calculate the road performance. As for some of the data needed such as traffic volume, road geometry, and vehicle speed. The analysis carried out is the calculation of Road capacity, peak hour volume, degree saturation, free flow speed, and level of service index.

RESEARCH METHODS
The preparation of the research required a flow of thought and implementation from the beginning to the end of writing. The flow chart in the preparation of this research can be seen in Figure 1. The method used to analyze the performance of the Kletek Highway segment, Sidoarjo District is the PKJI 2014 method

Data Collection
The first stage of this research is the collection of the required data. The data used in this study is primary data consisting of side barriers, traffic volume, vehicle speed, and road geometry. Traffic volume data collection is by using CCTV installed around roads for 4 x 24 hours, namely on weekends (Saturdays and Sundays and on weekdays (Mondays and Tuesdays).

Data Analysis
The analytic phase consists of calculating the traffic volume during peak hour in the form of light vehicle units (cur), road segment capacity, degree of saturation, free flow speed, and vehicle travel speed.
Analysis of traffic volume during peak hour is the highest total number of vehicles for 1 hour. The first step is to multiply each number of vehicles by the equivalent value of the light vehicle. Furthermore, the number of vehicles with light vehicle units (cur) every 15 minutes is added up to become an hourly accumulation. At certain hours, the one with the highest number of vehicles will be selected as peak hour.
The calculation of road capacity, degree of saturation, and free flow speed is based on the PKJI 2014 method. The calculation of the value of vehicle travel speed is by dividing the length of the specified road segment by the average travel time along the calculated road segment

Conclusion
The conclusions drawn are based on the results of the analysis phase. The results of this study are expected to describe the level of service segment, so that if the value of the degree of saturation studied has a very high value, the condition of the road needs to be evaluated.

Location and Road Geometry
The location of the road to be researched is the Trosobo-Kletek road section, Sidoarjo District. This road section becomes access to various types and sizes of vehicles, including heavy vehicles. This road has a high level of vehicle density so that it appears that it has experienced traffic jams several times. Research site map which will be reviewed is shown in Figure 2.

Road Capacity
The calculation of the road segment capacity based on the PKJI 2014 uses the following formula.
= ℎ (2) Description : C : road capacity, cur/hour Co : base capacity, cur/hour FClj : adjustment factor related to lane width FCpa : adjustment factor related to direction separation FChs : adjustment factor related to side resistance From the calculation results, it is found that the capacity of the road for the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is 3.531 cur/hour.

Degree of Saturation
The degree of saturation is the ratio between traffic flow to capacity [5]. The value of the degree of saturation is used to determine traffic performance on the road segment. Calculation of the degree of saturation using the following formula [5].
(2) Description : DS : degree of saturation Q : traffic flow (cur/hour) C : road segment capacity (cur/hour) The value of the degree of saturation on weekends and weekdays is shown in Table 2 . From the calculation results, it is found that the value of the degree of saturation in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto during the weekend on Saturday is 0,996 and on Sunday is 0,603. On weekdays, Monday is 0,986 and on Tuesday is 0,997. Meanwhile, the peak hour for the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is on the weekend on Saturday is 0,663 and on Sunday is 0,815. On weekdays on Monday is 1,108 and on Tuesday is 0,995. During the fourday survey, the highest degree of saturation was obtained, namely the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya with a value of 1,108.

Free Flow Speed
Free flow speed (FV) is defined as the speed at zero current level, i.e. the speed the driver would choose when driving a motor vehicle without being affected by other motorized vehicles on the road. The calculation of the free flow velocity uses the following formula [5].
Description : FV : Free flow speed (km/h) FVo : Basic free flow speed (km/h) FVw : Adjustment factor due to traffic lane width FFVSF : Adjustment factor due to side resistance FFVCS : Adjustment factor due to land use The results of the calculation of the free flow speed can be seen in Table 3. From the results of the calculation of the free flow speed and the value of the degree of saturation, the vehicle travel speed can be seen in Table 4 and Table 5. From the results of the calculations in Table 4 and Table  5, it is found that the lowest average travel speed for the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is 19,38 km/hour during Weekday (Monday) and for the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto which is 20,21 km/hour during Weekday (Tuesday).

Level of Service
The level of service is used to determine the quality of roads that serve traffic flow. [12]. The level of service describes the operational conditions of traffic flow and the perception of drivers in terms of speed, travel time, comfort, freedom of movement, security and safety [13].
The road service level is divided into six classes from A to F which state the best to the worst service level. The level of service can be seen in the Table 6 [14]. The results of the calculation of the level of service on weekends and weekdays can be seen in the From the results of the table calculations, it is found that the level of service on Jalan Raya Trosobo-Kletek in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto on weekends on Saturday is "E" am and on Sunday is "C". On weekdays, Monday and Tuesday is "E". Meanwhile, the level of service for the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is on the weekend on Saturday is "C" and on Sunday is "D". On weekdays on Monday is "F" and on Tuesday is "E". During the four-day survey, the lowest level of service was found in the Mojokerto-Surabaya direction with a level of service index of F then the traffic flow condition is "Forced flow, low speed, volume above capacity, long queues (congested).

CONCLUSION
The results of research conducted for four days of surveys and calculations that have been carried out, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The peak hour volume on the Kletek highway in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto is 3,521 cur/hour with an average travel speed of 20.21 km/hour and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is 3,911 cur/hour with an average travel speed of 19.38 km/hour. 2. The degree of saturation on the Kletek highway in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto is 0,997 and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is 1,108. 3. The level of service on the Kletek highway in the direction of Surabaya-Mojokerto is E then the traffic flow condition is "Unstable flow speed with frequent stops; demand is approaching capacity" and the direction of Mojokerto-Surabaya is F then the traffic flow condition is "Forced flow, low speed, volume above capacity, long queues (congested).